North Dakota State Statutes
Chapter 51-07, Sections 16 - 22
Sales And Exchanges
Miscellaneous Provisions
51-07-16 Definitions.
As used in sections 51-07-16 through 51-07-22, and unless the context otherwise
requires:
1. "Consumer" means the purchaser or lessee, other than for purposes
of resale or lease, of a passenger motor vehicle normally used for personal, family, or
household purposes. The term includes any person to whom the passenger motor vehicle is
transferred for the same purposes during the duration of an express warranty applicable
to that passenger motor vehicle, and any other person entitled by the terms of the
warranty to enforce the obligations of the warranty.
2. "Passenger motor vehicle" means a passenger motor vehicle as
defined in section 39-01-01 or a truck with registered gross weight of ten thousand
pounds [4536 kilograms] or less which is sold or leased in this state. The term does not
include a house car, as defined in section 39-01-01.
51-07-17 Duty of manufacturer to repair defective passenger motor vehicles.
If a new passenger motor vehicle does not conform to all applicable express warranties,
and the consumer reports the nonconformity to the manufacturer, its agent, or its
authorized dealer during the term of the express warranties or during the period of one
year following the date of original delivery of the passenger motor vehicle to a consumer,
whichever is the earlier date, the manufacturer, its agent, or its authorized dealer shall
make the repairs necessary to conform the passenger motor vehicle to the express
warranties, notwithstanding the fact that the repairs might be made after the expiration
of the warranty or one-year period.
51-07-18 Duty to replace defective passenger motor vehicle or refund price.
Prerequisite of using available informal dispute settlement process.
1. If the manufacturer, its agent, or its authorized dealer is unable to make
the passenger motor vehicle conform to any applicable express warranty by repairing or
correcting any defect or condition that substantially impairs the use and market value
of the passenger motor vehicle, after a reasonable number of attempts, the manufacturer
shall replace that passenger motor vehicle with a comparable passenger motor vehicle or
accept return of the passenger motor vehicle from the consumer, and refund to the
consumer the full purchase price, including all collateral charges, less a reasonable
allowance for the consumer's use of the vehicle not exceeding ten cents per mile [1.61
kilometers] driven or ten percent of the purchase price, whichever is less. Refunds must
be made to the consumer, the lessor, and the lien holder, if any, as their interests may
appear. A reasonable allowance for use is the amount directly attributable to use by the
consumer before the consumer's first report of the nonconformity to the manufacturer,
agent, or dealer, and during any subsequent period when the vehicle is not out of
service for repair.
2. It is an affirmative defense to any claim under sections 51-07-16 through
51-07-22:
a. That an alleged nonconformity does not substantially impair the use and
market value of the passenger motor vehicle; or
b. That a nonconformity is the result of abuse, neglect, or unauthorized
modifications or alterations of the passenger motor vehicle by a consumer.
3. If a manufacturer has established or participates in an informal dispute
settlement procedure that substantially complies with the substantive rules of the
federal trade commission, 16 CFR 703, or if the manufacturer participates in a consumer
and industry appeals, arbitration, or mediation appeals board whose decisions are
binding on the manufacturer, the remedy under subsection 1 is not available to a
consumer who has not first resorted to that procedure. If the consumer requests an oral
presentation before the board or dispute settlement mechanism, the hearing must take
place in the state in which the consumer resides. The attorney general shall, on
application, issue a determination of whether an informal dispute resolution mechanism
qualifies under this subsection.
51-07-18.1 Refunds for leased passenger motor vehicles.
In any case in which a refund is tendered by a manufacturer for a leased motor vehicle
under section 51-07-18, the refund and rights of the motor vehicle lessor, lessee, and
manufacturer are as follows:
1. The manufacturer shall provide to the lessee the sum of all payments
previously paid to the motor vehicle lessor by the lessee less a reasonable allowance
for the consumer's use of the vehicle. Payments include all cash payments, security
deposits, and trade-in allowance, if any, tendered by the lessee to the motor vehicle
lessor under the lease agreement.
2. The manufacturer shall provide to the motor vehicle lessor the sum of the
following:
a. The lessor's actual purchase cost, less payments made by the lessee;
b. The freight cost, if applicable;
c. The cost for dealer or manufacturer installed accessories, if applicable;
and
d. An amount equal to five percent of the lessor's actual purchase cost as
provided in subdivision a. The amount in this subdivision is in lieu of any early
termination costs or penalties described in the lease agreement.
3. Upon return of the passenger motor vehicle, the consumer's lease agreement
with the lessor is terminated and no penalty for early termination may be assessed.
4. Any refund to be paid to the motor vehicle lessor must be made to the
lessor and lien holder, if any, as their interests may appear.
51-07-19 Presumptions.
1. It is presumed that a reasonable number of attempts have been undertaken to
make a passenger motor vehicle conform to the applicable express warranties, if:
a. The same nonconformity has continued to exist, despite having been
subject to repair more than three times by the manufacturer, its agent, or its
authorized dealer, within the express warranty term or within one year of the date of
original delivery of the passenger motor vehicle to a consumer, whichever is the
earlier date.
b. The passenger motor vehicle is out of service for repair for a cumulative
total of at least thirty business days during the warranty term or in a year,
whichever is less.
2. The term of an express warranty, the one-year period, and the thirty-day
period, are extended by any period during which repair services are not available to the
consumer because of war, invasion, strike, fire, flood, or other natural disaster.
3. The presumption does not apply against a manufacturer unless the
manufacturer has received prior direct notification from or on behalf of the consumer
and an opportunity to cure the alleged defect.
51-07-20 Exclusive remedy.
A consumer who elects to proceed under sections 51-07-16 through 51-07-22 is foreclosed
from pursuing any other remedy arising out of the facts and circumstances which gave rise
to the claim under sections 51-07-16 through 51-07-22. 51-07-21. Limitation of actions. An
action brought under sections 51-07-16 through 51-07-22 must be commenced within six
months after the earlier of:
1. Expiration of the express warranty term; or
2. Eighteen months after the date of original delivery of the passenger motor
vehicle to a consumer.
51-07-22 Resale of returned passenger motor vehicles - Penalty.
1. A person may not sell or lease in this state a passenger motor vehicle that
was returned to the manufacturer in accordance with sections 51-07-16 through 51-07-22,
unless the manufacturer provides:
a. The same express warranty it provided to the original purchaser, except
the term of the warranty must be for at least twelve thousand miles or twelve months
after the date of resale, whichever is earlier; and
b. The purchaser a statement on a separate document that must be signed by
the manufacturer and the purchaser and must be in ten point, capitalized type, in
substantially the following form:
"IMPORTANT: THIS VEHICLE WAS RETURNED TO THE MANUFACTURER BECAUSE DEFECTS
COVERED BY THE MANUFACTURER'S EXPRESSED WARRANTY WERE NOT REPAIRED WITHIN A
REASONABLE TIME AS PROVIDED BY NORTH DAKOTA LAW".
2. A person may not ship or deliver for resale or lease in another state a
passenger motor vehicle returned to the manufacturer in accordance with sections
51-07-16 through 51-07-22 unless full disclosure of the reasons for return is made to
any prospective buyer.
3. Violation of this section is a class B misdemeanor.
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